Heat a large pot over medium heat and cook the Italian sausage, breaking it into crumbles, until browned.
If needed, drain excess grease, leaving a little in the pot for flavor.
Add onion and cook for 3–4 minutes until softened.
Stir in garlic and cook for 30 seconds until fragrant.
Pour in chicken broth and scrape up any browned bits from the bottom of the pot.
Add optional low-carb vegetables (cauliflower, zucchini, or mushrooms) and simmer 8–12 minutes until tender.
Lower the heat and stir in heavy cream.
Add cream cheese (if using) and stir until fully melted and smooth.
Stir in spinach or kale and cook 1–2 minutes until wilted.
Mix in Parmesan cheese, then season with Italian seasoning, salt, pepper, and optional red pepper flakes/paprika.
Serve hot with extra Parmesan on top if desired.